Dynamic Monte Carlo simulation on the electron-beam-induced deposition of carbon, silver, and tungsten supertips.

The process of electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) was simulated with a dynamic Monte Carlo profile simulator, and the growth of carbon, silver, and tungsten supertips was investigated to study the dependence of material composition on the spatial resolution of EBID. Because light atoms have a smaller scattering angle and a longer mean free path, the carbon supertip has the smallest lateral size and the highest aspect ratio of a bottom tip compared to silver and tungsten supertips. Thus the best spatial resolution of EBID can be achieved on materials of low atomic number. The calculation also indicated a significant contribution of primary electrons to the growth of a supertip in EBID, which is consistent with the experimental observations. These results lead to a more comprehensive understanding of EBID, which is a complex interaction process between electrons and solids.