Basis of ultrasound imaging and the main artifacts in bovine medicine.

Ultrasound imaging is a noninvasive and readily available diagnostic modality that meets increasing applications in bovine medicine. This article presents the basis of physical principles of this imaging modality based on the interaction of ultrasound with the tissues, different modes of examination, and ways to obtain good quality images. The main artifacts that may be encountered during ultrasound imaging are also described. Finally, Doppler ultrasound is briefly explained. This article aims to help practitioners perform an optimal ultrasonographic examination.