Effects of perfluorosulfonic acid adsorption on the stability of carbon black suspensions.

Carbon black particles were stabilized by the adsorption of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) onto their surfaces in a mixture of water and isopropyl alcohol. The resulting carbon black suspensions were characterized by measurements of the adsorbed amounts of PFSA, the hydrodynamic diameter of carbon black particles with adsorbed PFSA, and by steady state shear viscosity measurements as functions of the PFSA and carbon black particle concentrations. An equilibrium adsorption of PFSA on carbon black particles was established within 1 day, and the resulting adsorption isotherm was dependent on the carbon black particle concentration; the amounts of adsorbed PFSA decreased with increased carbon black particle concentration. The hydrodynamic diameter of the carbon black particles in suspension increased with the amount of adsorbed PFSA, resulting in stabilization of the carbon black suspensions. Thus, the apparent steady-state shear viscosities of the carbon black suspensions at the first and second shear thinning regions decreased with an increase in the amount of adsorbed PFSA.