RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of hepatitis C virus: study on inhibition by alpha,gamma-diketo acid derivatives.

It is supposed that alpha,gamma-diketo acids (DKAs) inhibit the activity of hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP HCV) via chelation of catalytic magnesium ions in the active center of the enzyme. However, DKAs display noncompetitive mode of inhibition with respect to NTP substrate, which contradicts the proposed mechanism. We have examined the NTP substrate entry channel and the active site of RdRP HCV for their possible interaction with DKAs. The substitutions R48A, K51A, and R222A greatly facilitated RdRP inhibition by DKAs and simultaneously increased K(m) values for UTP substrate. Interestingly, C223A was the only one of a number of substitutions that decreased K(m)(UTP) but facilitated the inhibitory action of DKAs. The findings allowed us to model an enzyme-inhibitor complex. According to the proposed model, DKAs introduce an additional Mg2+ ion into the active site of the enzyme at a stage of phosphodiester bond formation, which results in displacement of the NTP substrate triphosphate moiety to a catalytically inactive binding mode. This mechanism, in contrast to the currently adopted one, explains the noncompetitive mode of inhibition.