Mesenchymal stromal cell and mononuclear cell therapy in heart disease.

Despite progress in percutaneous coronary intervention, bypass surgery and drug therapy, rates of mortality and morbidity after acute coronary syndrome are high due to ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from adult bone marrow or adipose tissue are considered potential candidates for therapeutic regenerative treatment in cardiovascular disease. Recent animal studies have demonstrated that MSCs can induce neovascularization and improve myocardial function in postinfarction myocardial ischemic hearts. This review will focus on the present preclinical and clinical knowledge about the use of mononuclear cells and MSCs for cardiac regenerative medicine, the source of MSCs for clinical use and problems to consider when conducting clinical MSC therapy.