BACKGROUND: In this study, it was determined that BKV is shed in saliva and an in vitro model system was developed whereby BKV can productively infect both submandibular (HSG) and parotid (HSY) salivary gland cell lines. RESULTS: BKV was detected in oral fluids using quantitative real-time PCR (QRTPCR). BKV infection was determined using quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. The infectivity of BKV was inhibited by pre-incubation of the virus with gangliosides that saturated the major capsid protein, VP1, halting receptor mediated BKV entry into salivary gland cells. Examination of infected cultures by transmission electron microscopy revealed 45-50 nm BK virions clearly visible within the cells. Subsequent to infection, encapsidated BK virus was detected in the supernatant. CONCLUSION: We thus demonstrated that BKV was detected in oral fluids and that BK infection and replication occur in vitro in salivary gland cells. These data collectively suggest the potential for BKV oral route of transmission and oral pathogenesis.
BACKGROUND: In this study, it was determined that BKV is shed in saliva and an in vitro model system was developed whereby BKV can productively infect both submandibular (HSG) and parotid (HSY) salivary gland cell lines. RESULTS: BKV was detected in oral fluids using quantitative real-time PCR (QRTPCR). BKV infection was determined using quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. The infectivity of BKV was inhibited by pre-incubation of the virus with gangliosides that saturated the major capsid protein, VP1, halting receptor mediated BKV entry into salivary gland cells. Examination of infected cultures by transmission electron microscopy revealed 45-50 nm BK virions clearly visible within the cells. Subsequent to infection, encapsidated BK virus was detected in the supernatant. CONCLUSION: We thus demonstrated that BKV was detected in oral fluids and that BK infection and replication occur in vitro in salivary gland cells. These data collectively suggest the potential for BKV oral route of transmission and oral pathogenesis.
Authors: Raquel Burger-Calderon; Victoria Madden; Ryan A Hallett; Aaron D Gingerich; Volker Nickeleit; Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque Journal: J Virol Date: 2013-10-30 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: D J Speicher; V Ramirez-Amador; D P Dittmer; J Webster-Cyriaque; M T Goodman; A-B Moscicki Journal: Oral Dis Date: 2016-04 Impact factor: 3.511
Authors: Nicole M Broekema; Johanna R Abend; Shauna M Bennett; Janet S Butel; John A Vanchiere; Michael J Imperiale Journal: Virology Date: 2010-09-24 Impact factor: 3.616
Authors: Liesl K Jeffers; Kaiwen Duan; Lesley G Ellies; William T Seaman; Raquel A Burger-Calderon; Luda B Diatchenko; Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque Journal: J Cancer Ther Date: 2013-05
Authors: Tatiana F Robaina; Gabriella S Mendes; Fabrício J Benati; Giselle A Pena; Raquel C Silva; Miguel A R Montes; Renata Otero; Gloria F Castro; Fernando P Câmara; Norma Santos Journal: Emerg Infect Dis Date: 2013-01 Impact factor: 6.883