Genomic changes detected by array CGH in human embryos with developmental defects.

Developmental abnormalities of human embryos can be visualized in utero using embryoscopy. Our previous embryoscopic and genetic evaluations detected developmental abnormalities in the majority of both euploid (74%) and aneuploid or polyploid (90%) miscarriages. Since we found the pattern of morphological changes to be similar in euploid and non-euploid embryos, we proposed that lethal submicroscopic changes, not detected by standard chromosome testing, may be responsible for miscarriage of euploid embryos. Whole genome oligo and bacterial artificial chromosome array comparative genome hybridization (CGH) was used to screen for submicroscopic chromosomal changes (DNA copy number variants or CNVs) in 17 euploid embryonic miscarriages, with a range of developmental abnormalities documented by embryoscopy. The CNV breakpoints were refined using a custom array (Agilent) with high resolution coverage of the CNVs. Six unique CNVs, previously not reported, were identified in 5 of the 17 embryos (29% of all cases or 50% of cases studied with higher resolution arrays). All six unique CNVs were <250 kb in size. On the basis of parental array CGH analysis, a de novo origin of a CNV was determined for one embryo (at 13q32.1) and suspected for another (at 10p15.3). Three CNVs, at Xq28, 1q25.3 and 7p14.3, were inherited and a CNV at 17p13.1 was of unknown origin. The genes contained within these unique CNVs will be discussed, with specific reference to rearrangements of syntaxin and tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat genes. Our report describes for the first time, de novo and inherited unique CNVs in euploid human embryos with specific developmental defects.