Effect of melatonin on age induced changes in daily serotonin rhythms in suprachiasmatic nucleus of male Wistar rat.

The decline in physiological functions with aging may affect the ability of the SCN, the biological clock, circadian pacemaker to transmit rhythmic information to other neural target sites, and thereby modify the expression of biological rhythms resulting in circadian disorders. Neurotransmitter serotonin plays important role in the photic and non-photic regulation of circadian rhythms and is a precursor of neurohormone melatonin, an internal zeitgeber. To assess effects of aging on the functional integrity of circadian system, we studied daily serotonin rhythms in the SCN by measuring serotonin levels at variable time points in wide range of age groups such as 15 days, 1, 2, 3 (adult), 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months old male wistar rats. Animals were maintained in light-dark conditions (LD; 12:12) two weeks prior to experiment. We report here that in 15 days, 1 and 2 months old rat SCN the mean serotonin level is low and daily serotonin rhythm is just beginning; at 3, 4 and 6 months, serotonin levels and rhythms are robust and at 9, 12, 18 and 24 months mean serotonin levels are low again and rhythm is becoming more disrupted. Previous studies have shown the 5-HT rhythmicity was established by 3 month in rat brain but disintegrated by 6 months of age. As melatonin, an endogenous synchronizer and an antiaging agent, declines with aging, the effects of exogenous melatonin administration on serotonin rhythmicity in SCN in 3, 6, 9 and 24 months old rats were studied to assess effects of aging on responsiveness to melatonin. Our studies indicated an age related loss of sensitivity to melatonin in the restoration of age induced changes in SCN serotonin amplitude and rhythmicity.