OBJECTIVES: The number of studies investigating the health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution is increasing, however, most studies have been conducted in Western countries. The health status of Asian populations may be different to that of Western populations and may, therefore, respond differently to air pollution exposure. Therefore, we evaluated the health effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution in Shizuoka, Japan. METHODS: Individual data were extracted from participants of an ongoing cohort study. A total of 14,001 older residents, who were randomly chosen from all 74 municipalities of Shizuoka, completed questionnaires and were followed from December 1999 to March 2006. Individual nitrogen dioxide exposure data, as an index for traffic-related exposure, were modelled using a land use regression model. We assigned participants an estimated concentration of nitrogen dioxide exposure during 2000-2006. We then estimated the adjusted HR and their CI for a 10 microg/m(3) increase in exposure to nitrogen dioxide for all-cause or cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 1.02 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.08). Regarding cause-specific mortality, the adjusted HR for cardiopulmonary mortality was 1.16 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.26); in particular the adjusted HR for ischaemic heart disease mortality was 1.27 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.58) and for pulmonary disease mortality it was 1.19 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.38). Furthermore, among non-smokers, a 10 microg/m(3) increase in nitrogen dioxide was associated with a higher risk for lung cancer mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.93). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution, indexed by nitrogen dioxide concentration, increases the risk of cardiopulmonary mortality, even in a population with a relatively low body mass index and increases the risk of lung cancer mortality in non-smokers.
OBJECTIVES: The number of studies investigating the health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution is increasing, however, most studies have been conducted in Western countries. The health status of Asian populations may be different to that of Western populations and may, therefore, respond differently to air pollution exposure. Therefore, we evaluated the health effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution in Shizuoka, Japan. METHODS: Individual data were extracted from participants of an ongoing cohort study. A total of 14,001 older residents, who were randomly chosen from all 74 municipalities of Shizuoka, completed questionnaires and were followed from December 1999 to March 2006. Individual nitrogen dioxide exposure data, as an index for traffic-related exposure, were modelled using a land use regression model. We assigned participants an estimated concentration of nitrogen dioxide exposure during 2000-2006. We then estimated the adjusted HR and their CI for a 10 microg/m(3) increase in exposure to nitrogen dioxide for all-cause or cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 1.02 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.08). Regarding cause-specific mortality, the adjusted HR for cardiopulmonary mortality was 1.16 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.26); in particular the adjusted HR for ischaemic heart disease mortality was 1.27 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.58) and for pulmonary disease mortality it was 1.19 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.38). Furthermore, among non-smokers, a 10 microg/m(3) increase in nitrogen dioxide was associated with a higher risk for lung cancer mortality (HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.93). CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution, indexed by nitrogen dioxide concentration, increases the risk of cardiopulmonary mortality, even in a population with a relatively low body mass index and increases the risk of lung cancer mortality in non-smokers.
Authors: Konstantina Dimakopoulou; Evangelia Samoli; Rob Beelen; Massimo Stafoggia; Zorana Jovanovic Andersen; Barbara Hoffmann; Paul Fischer; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Paolo Vineis; Wei Xun; Gerard Hoek; Ole Raaschou-Nielsen; Anna Oudin; Bertil Forsberg; Lars Modig; Pekka Jousilahti; Timo Lanki; Anu Turunen; Bente Oftedal; Per Nafstad; Per E Schwarze; Johanna Penell; Laura Fratiglioni; Niklas Andersson; Nancy Pedersen; Michal Korek; Ulf De Faire; Kirsten Thorup Eriksen; Anne Tjønneland; Thomas Becker; Meng Wang; Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Ming-Yi Tsai; Marloes Eeftens; Petra H Peeters; Kees Meliefste; Alessandro Marcon; Ursula Krämer; Thomas A J Kuhlbusch; Mohammad Vossoughi; Timothy Key; Kees de Hoogh; Regina Hampel; Annette Peters; Joachim Heinrich; Gudrun Weinmayr; Hans Concin; Gabriele Nagel; Alex Ineichen; Bénédicte Jacquemin; Morgane Stempfelet; Alice Vilier; Fulvio Ricceri; Carlotta Sacerdote; Xanthi Pedeli; Michalis Katsoulis; Antonia Trichopoulou; Bert Brunekreef; Klea Katsouyanni Journal: Am J Respir Crit Care Med Date: 2014-03-15 Impact factor: 21.405
Authors: Jeong-Lim Kim; Lena Elfman; Gunilla Wieslander; Martin Ferm; Kjell Torén; Dan Norbäck Journal: J Korean Med Sci Date: 2011-01-24 Impact factor: 2.153
Authors: Gerard Hoek; Ranjini M Krishnan; Rob Beelen; Annette Peters; Bart Ostro; Bert Brunekreef; Joel D Kaufman Journal: Environ Health Date: 2013-05-28 Impact factor: 5.984
Authors: Joachim Heinrich; Elisabeth Thiering; Peter Rzehak; Ursula Krämer; Matthias Hochadel; Knut M Rauchfuss; Ulrike Gehring; H-Erich Wichmann Journal: Occup Environ Med Date: 2012-12-08 Impact factor: 4.402