Enhanced phosphorylation of a coated vesicle polypeptide in response to insulin stimulation of rat adipocytes.

The effect of insulin to increase the cell surface concentration of various receptors is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of clathrin assembled on the plasma membrane (Corvera, S. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 2413-2416). In the present study, clathrin-coated membranes were purified from isolated adipocytes labeled isotopically with [32P]orthophosphate. Analysis of the coated vesicle preparation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed the presence of a cluster of phosphopeptides of 90-100 kDa as well as other phosphorylated species of 125, 70, 58, 50, 43, and 32 kDa. Incubation of the coated vesicles in alkaline pH resulted in the elution of the majority of the phosphopeptides, suggesting that these components are part of the clathrin coat and not integral membrane proteins. A pronounced increase in the amount of phosphate incorporated into the 125-kDa species was observed in response to stimulation of labeled cells by low concentrations of insulin. Phosphoamino acid analysis of an acid hydrolysate of this band revealed that its phosphorylation occurred exclusively on serine residues. The increased serine phosphorylation of this protein was apparent after only 2 min of exposure of cells to insulin and persisted for at least 60 min. The effect of insulin to increase the cell surface concentration of receptors and the assembly of clathrin on the plasma membrane displays a similar time course. Phorbol esters or dibutyryl cyclic AMP did not mimic the effects of insulin to stimulate the incorporation of [32P]phosphate into the 125-kDa polypeptide. Phosphorylation of the 125-kDa polypeptide was not observed after incubation of purified adipocyte-coated vesicles with [gamma-32P]ATP, suggesting that the kinase responsible for this reaction may not be contained within the clathrin-coated vesicle itself. These results suggest that phosphorylation of this 125-kDa polypeptide in intact cells may play a role in the regulation of clathrin-coated membrane formation and receptor-mediated endocytosis in response to insulin.