Virtual-core flow cytometry.

Traditional flow cytometers use a sheath fluid to position particles or cells for cytometric measurements, but the need for sheath fluid greatly complicates flow cytometric instrumentation. A cytometric detector that is free of the requirements of sheath fluid can simplify the design of flow cytometers and can extend their use into a number of areas. We designed a flow cytometer that uses a combination of three photodetectors to sense the position of a particle in sample stream. The position-sensitive detectors create a virtual core in the sample stream that eliminates the need for sheath fluid. In this article, we demonstrate the efficacy of a virtual-core flow cytometer (VCFC) using test particles, immunofluorescently labeled thymocytes, and raw seawater. The VCFC performs accurate measurements that can be used for a number of uses including environmental monitoring or simple immunology tests. Copyright 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.