[Esca and Black Dead Arm: two major actors of grapevine trunk diseases].

Grapevine trunk diseases are very harmful to wine-growing heritage durability because the fungi responsible, by attacking perennial organs, cause at a more or less long-term the death of the vine stock. Esca and BDA are the two main pathogens inducing such decaying diseases. The infection can be diagnosed by the presence in the wood forming tissues of sectorial and/or central necrosis, which revealed itself by brown stripes or canker, and at the foliar level by discoloration and withering. This review presents an overview of both Esca and BDA, their symptomatology, the characteristics of the associated fungi and host-pathogen interactions. To conclude, a progress report on the control of both diseases is discussed.