DESIGN: Rabies vaccine was used as a T-cell-dependent neoantigen to investigate several aspects of the primary and booster immune response in vivo in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: Study participants received rabies vaccination twice, within a 3-month interval. Serum samples were taken before and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after both vaccinations and 1 and 5 years after the primary vaccination. Antirabies antibodies [immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG subclasses, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)] were determined; antibody avidity was measured after both vaccinations. T-cell subsets were characterized by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Eighteen healthy controls and 30 HIV-infected adults, treated with HAART for almost 4 years, with a median CD4(+) T-cell count of 537 cells/microl, were immunized. The postvaccination concentrations of antirabies IgG and IgM were significantly lower in HIV-infected individuals as compared with controls. Three T-cell-dependent processes, a true booster response, a class switch from IgM to IgG and avidity maturation were present in both healthy controls and HIV-infected individuals. Higher age was associated with lower postvaccination antirabies IgG and IgM titers. Five years after the primary vaccination, 63% of the HIV-infected individuals still had antibody titers above the protection threshold. CONCLUSION: Immune restoration in HIV-infected individuals treated with HAART, resulting in a CD4(+) T-cell count greater than 500 cells/microl, is incomplete. However, the majority of HIV-infected individuals are capable of mounting a long-lasting immune response, including several pivotal T-cell-dependent processes, upon vaccination with a neoantigen such as the rabies vaccine.
DESIGN: Rabies vaccine was used as a T-cell-dependent neoantigen to investigate several aspects of the primary and booster immune response in vivo in HIV-infected individuals receiving antiretroviral treatment. METHODS: Study participants received rabies vaccination twice, within a 3-month interval. Serum samples were taken before and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after both vaccinations and 1 and 5 years after the primary vaccination. Antirabies antibodies [immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgG subclasses, immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)] were determined; antibody avidity was measured after both vaccinations. T-cell subsets were characterized by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Eighteen healthy controls and 30 HIV-infected adults, treated with HAART for almost 4 years, with a median CD4(+) T-cell count of 537 cells/microl, were immunized. The postvaccination concentrations of antirabies IgG and IgM were significantly lower in HIV-infected individuals as compared with controls. Three T-cell-dependent processes, a true booster response, a class switch from IgM to IgG and avidity maturation were present in both healthy controls and HIV-infected individuals. Higher age was associated with lower postvaccination antirabies IgG and IgM titers. Five years after the primary vaccination, 63% of the HIV-infected individuals still had antibody titers above the protection threshold. CONCLUSION: Immune restoration in HIV-infected individuals treated with HAART, resulting in a CD4(+) T-cell count greater than 500 cells/microl, is incomplete. However, the majority of HIV-infected individuals are capable of mounting a long-lasting immune response, including several pivotal T-cell-dependent processes, upon vaccination with a neoantigen such as the rabies vaccine.
Authors: N M Vora; L A Orciari; M Niezgoda; G Selvaggi; V Stosor; G M Lyon; R M Wallace; J Gabel; D R Stanek; P Jenkins; M Shiferaw; P Yager; F Jackson; C A Hanlon; I Damon; J D Blanton; S Recuenco; R Franka Journal: Transpl Infect Dis Date: 2015-05-19 Impact factor: 2.228
Authors: Susan Moir; Clarisa M Buckner; Jason Ho; Wei Wang; Jenny Chen; Amy J Waldner; Jacqueline G Posada; Lela Kardava; Marie A O'Shea; Shyam Kottilil; Tae-Wook Chun; Michael A Proschan; Anthony S Fauci Journal: Blood Date: 2010-09-13 Impact factor: 22.113
Authors: Livio Azzoni; Andrea S Foulkes; Cynthia Firnhaber; Xiangfan Yin; Zhi Q Xiang; Yan Li; Wendy Stevens; Robert Gross; Hildegund C J Ertl; Ian Sanne; Luis J Montaner Journal: AIDS Date: 2012-07-17 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Daniel M Muema; Gladys N Macharia; Amin S Hassan; Shalton M Mwaringa; Greg W Fegan; James A Berkley; Eunice W Nduati; Britta C Urban Journal: J Immunol Date: 2015-06-26 Impact factor: 5.422