Metal-organic frameworks as templates for nanoscale NaAlH4.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer an attractive alternative to traditional hard and soft templates for nanocluster synthesis because their ordered crystalline lattice provides a highly controlled and inherently understandable environment. We demonstrate that MOFs are stable hosts for metal hydrides proposed for hydrogen storage and their reactive precursors, providing platform to test recent theoretical predictions that some of these materials can be destabilized with respect to hydrogen desorption by reducing their critical dimension to the nanoscale. With the MOF HKUST-1 as template, we show that NaAlH(4) nanoclusters as small as eight formula units can be synthesized. The confinement of these clusters within the MOF pores dramatically accelerates the desorption kinetics, causing decomposition to occur at approximately 100 degrees C lower than bulk NaAlH(4). However, using simultaneous thermogravimetric modulated beam mass spectrometry, we also show that the thermal decomposition mechanism of NaAlH(4) is complex and may involve processes such as nucleation and growth in addition to the normally assumed two-step chemical decomposition reactions.