PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated that frequent, low-dose metronomic (MET) dosing of cytotoxic agents may not only be as efficient as conventional maximum tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy but also less toxic. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect and safety of MET chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide (CTX) in rats with chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Rats received weekly intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of diethylnitrosamine during 16 weeks for induction of HCC. The rats were divided into three groups: MTD group received 40 mg/kg CTX i.p. injection on days 1, 3, and 5 of a 21-day cycle; Control and MET groups received saline and 20 mg/kg CTX i.p. injection twice a week, respectively. The growth-modulating effects and overall survival were compared between the groups. Anti-angiogenic effects were evaluated by a measurement of endothelial cell and VEGFR-2 expression. RESULTS: At 6 weeks of therapy, MTD and MET chemotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in tumor number and size compared with Control group. MET chemotherapy showed more prolonged survival than MTD chemotherapy and Control groups (P < 0.05). MET chemotherapy resulted in a significant decrease in both the micro-vessel density and endothelial proliferation index (P < 0.01). Furthermore, MET chemotherapy led to a greater decrease in VEGFR-2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MET scheduling not only exhibits anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects, but also prolongs survival without major toxicities in a rat model of HCC. Our results suggest that MET chemotherapy has a high therapeutic value and should be considered for future clinical trials.
PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated that frequent, low-dose metronomic (MET) dosing of cytotoxic agents may not only be as efficient as conventional maximum tolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapy but also less toxic. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect and safety of MET chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide (CTX) in rats with chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS:Rats received weekly intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of diethylnitrosamine during 16 weeks for induction of HCC. The rats were divided into three groups: MTD group received 40 mg/kg CTX i.p. injection on days 1, 3, and 5 of a 21-day cycle; Control and MET groups received saline and 20 mg/kg CTX i.p. injection twice a week, respectively. The growth-modulating effects and overall survival were compared between the groups. Anti-angiogenic effects were evaluated by a measurement of endothelial cell and VEGFR-2 expression. RESULTS: At 6 weeks of therapy, MTD and MET chemotherapy resulted in a significant reduction in tumor number and size compared with Control group. MET chemotherapy showed more prolonged survival than MTD chemotherapy and Control groups (P < 0.05). MET chemotherapy resulted in a significant decrease in both the micro-vessel density and endothelial proliferation index (P < 0.01). Furthermore, MET chemotherapy led to a greater decrease in VEGFR-2 expression at the mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: MET scheduling not only exhibits anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects, but also prolongs survival without major toxicities in a rat model of HCC. Our results suggest that MET chemotherapy has a high therapeutic value and should be considered for future clinical trials.
Authors: Hyun Young Woo; Jun Mo Youn; Si Hyun Bae; Jeong Won Jang; Jung Hoon Cha; Hye Lim Kim; Ho Jong Chun; Byung Gil Choi; Jong Young Choi; Seoung Kew Yoon Journal: Korean J Hepatol Date: 2012-03-22
Authors: Hyun Yang; Hyun Young Woo; Soon Kyu Lee; Ji Won Han; Bohyun Jang; Hee Chul Nam; Hae Lim Lee; Sung Won Lee; Do Seon Song; Myeong Jun Song; Jung Suk Oh; Ho Jong Chun; Jeong Won Jang; Angelo Lozada; Si Hyun Bae; Jong Young Choi; Seung Kew Yoon Journal: Clin Mol Hepatol Date: 2017-05-10
Authors: Mohammed I El-Gamal; Nada H Mewafi; Nada E Abdelmotteleb; Minnatullah A Emara; Hamadeh Tarazi; Rawan M Sbenati; Moustafa M Madkour; Seyed-Omar Zaraei; Afnan I Shahin; Hanan S Anbar Journal: Molecules Date: 2021-12-05 Impact factor: 4.411
Authors: Jung Hoon Cha; Si Hyun Bae; Hye Lim Kim; Na Ri Park; Eun Suk Choi; Eun Sun Jung; Jong Young Choi; Seung Kew Yoon Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-11-01 Impact factor: 3.240