Enhanced effectiveness of medium-pressure ultraviolet lamps on human adenovirus 2 and its possible mechanism.

There has been growing concern over human exposure to adenoviruses through drinking water due to their apparent high resistance to UV irradiation and the anticipated widespread use of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection in drinking water treatment processes. However, most inactivation studies on adenoviruses were performed using only one type of UV technology--low-pressure (LP) UV, and little is known about the effectiveness of different UV technologies such as medium- pressure (MP) UV or other polychromatic UV technologies. In this work, the kinetics and extent of inactivation of a human adenovirus (adenovirus 2 (Ad2)) by both monochromatic LP and polychromatic MP UV were evaluated to determine the effectiveness of these UV technologies on human adenoviruses. Inactivation of Ad2 by LP UV was very slow and only 0.87 and 2.17 log(10) inactivation was achieved with UV doses of 30 and 90 mJ/cm(2), respectively. However, inactivation of Ad2 by MP UV was much faster and 2.19 and 5.36 log(10) inactivation was observed with the same UV doses (30 and 90 mJ/cm(2), respectively). It appears that MP UV is more effective against Ad2 than LP UV and the enhanced effectiveness of MP UV on Ad2 is likely due to its ability to inhibit the repair process in UV-irradiated Ad2.