Reconstruction of eyelid defects.

Reconstruction of the eyelids is highly complex because of their function and critical role in appearance. Optimal restoration of their form and function depends on a firm understanding of normal eyelid position, the structural support system of the eyelids, and the forces that act to keep the eyelids in precise balance. With this knowledge, the surgeon can choose among numerous reconstructive techniques to correct a deficit, depending on its location, depth, and size, while restoring normal eyelid function and an esthetically pleasing form. This article reviews the pertinent eyelid anatomy, describes methods for analysis of eyelid position before and after surgery, and discusses the structural restoration options for commonly encountered eyelid defects.