Incidental detection of granulomatous prostatitis by F-18 FDG PET/CT in a patient with bladder cancer: a rare complication of BCG instillation therapy.

A 62-year-old man with transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder had undergone transurethral resection and adjuvant treatment with several intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin 10 months earlier. The patient was referred for F-18 FDG PET/CT after detection of mediastinal lymphadenopathy on follow-up CT. Beside moderately increased FDG uptake in bilateral hilar and bronchopulmonary lymph nodes, focally intense FDG uptake was detected in the right lobe of the prostate. Histopathologic evaluation revealed granulomatous prostatitis which is a recognized rare complication of intravesical instillation of BCG during the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.