Spectral characteristics of tramadol in different solvents and beta-cyclodextrin.

Effect of solvents and beta-cyclodextrin on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of tramadol drug has been investigated and compared with anisole. The solid inclusion complex of tramadol with beta-CD is investigated by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), DSC and semiempirical methods. The thermodynamic parameter (DeltaG) of inclusion process is determined. A solvent study shows (i) the spectral behaviour of both tramadol and anisole molecules is similar to each other and (ii) the cyclohexanol group in tramadol is not effectively conjugated with anisole group. However, in beta-CD, due to space restriction of the CD cavity, a weak interaction is present between the above groups in tramadol. beta-Cyclodextrin studies show that tramadol forms 1:2 inclusion complex with beta-CD. A mechanism is proposed for the inclusion process.