Sexuality, an important component of the quality of life of the kidney transplant recipient.

People who receive a kidney transplant experience overall better quality of life (QOL) than those on dialysis. However, one area of QOL that does not seem to improve after transplant is sexuality. The purposes of this review were to evaluate the literature specific to sexuality after kidney and kidney/pancreas transplant, identify gaps in the literature, and suggest directions for future research. Sources for this review included studies published in nursing and medical journals as well as studies from the related fields of social work and psychology. This literature review revealed several factors that may affect posttransplant sexuality and sexual functioning including chronic illnesses, pretransplant dialysis, and medication side effects. In addition, numerous studies have shown that problems with sexual functioning are prevalent in the transplant population affecting up to 50% of kidney transplant recipients. These problems have a strong negative association with QOL and life satisfaction. Future research should focus on identifying the specific sexual concerns of kidney transplant recipients and on the development and testing of interventions to help alleviate these concerns.