Viruses, gene therapy and stem cells for the treatment of human glioma.

Cancer gene therapy is based on the transfer of genetic material to cancer cells to modify a normal or abnormal cellular function, or to induce cell death. Modified viruses or stem cells have been used as carriers to transfer the genetic material to cancer cells avoiding trafficking through normal cells. However, although the current vectors have been successful in delivering genes in vitro and in vivo, little has been achieved with human cerebral gliomas. Poor transduction efficiency of viruses in human glioma cells and limited spread and distribution to the tumor limits our current expectations for successful gene therapy of central nervous system cancer until and if effective transfer vehicles are available. Nevertheless, continuing research in better vector development may overcome these limitations and offer a therapeutic advantage over the standard therapies for glioma.