OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive factors for early language delay (ELD) at age 2 years based on the Prospective Cohort Study of Thai children (PCTC). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study: secondary data retrieving. SUBJECTS: Three thousand nine hundred five children were recruited from four communities and one hospital in five areas of Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Language Development Survey (LDS) was performed to identify children with early language delay (ELD) at age 2 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between possible factors (both biological and environment factors) and ELD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number of children with ELD at age of 2 years. RESULTS: The incidence of ELD at age 2 years was 11.68%. Risk factors for ELD were birth weight (Odds Ratio: OR = 2.38, 95% Confidence interval: CI 1.65-3.42), male gender (OR = 2.12, 95% Confidence interval: CI 1.67-2.69), 3rd-4th and 5th child born or more (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.02-1.96; OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.08-3.27, respectively), birth weight <2500 grams (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.65-3.42), no first word within 1 year (OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.79-2.84), no walking within 1 year (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05-1.72), and maternal occupation (laborer or none) (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01-1.82). District living was a protective factor for ELD (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.32- 0.54). There was no clear evidence for a link between breastfeeding and ELD. CONCLUSION: Significant factors identified here raise strong concerns that should be addressed clinically when counseling families and planning treatment. Further study using a longer longitudinal design and more detailed information is recommended to better determine predictive factors for ELD or specific language impairment (SLI).
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive factors for early language delay (ELD) at age 2 years based on the Prospective Cohort Study of Thai children (PCTC). STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort study: secondary data retrieving. SUBJECTS: Three thousand nine hundred five children were recruited from four communities and one hospital in five areas of Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Language Development Survey (LDS) was performed to identify children with early language delay (ELD) at age 2 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between possible factors (both biological and environment factors) and ELD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number of children with ELD at age of 2 years. RESULTS: The incidence of ELD at age 2 years was 11.68%. Risk factors for ELD were birth weight (Odds Ratio: OR = 2.38, 95% Confidence interval: CI 1.65-3.42), male gender (OR = 2.12, 95% Confidence interval: CI 1.67-2.69), 3rd-4th and 5th child born or more (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.02-1.96; OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.08-3.27, respectively), birth weight <2500 grams (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.65-3.42), no first word within 1 year (OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.79-2.84), no walking within 1 year (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.05-1.72), and maternal occupation (laborer or none) (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.01-1.82). District living was a protective factor for ELD (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.32- 0.54). There was no clear evidence for a link between breastfeeding and ELD. CONCLUSION: Significant factors identified here raise strong concerns that should be addressed clinically when counseling families and planning treatment. Further study using a longer longitudinal design and more detailed information is recommended to better determine predictive factors for ELD or specific language impairment (SLI).
Authors: Wojciech Wiszniewski; Jill V Hunter; Neil A Hanchard; Jason R Willer; Chad Shaw; Qi Tian; Anna Illner; Xueqing Wang; Sau W Cheung; Ankita Patel; Ian M Campbell; Violet Gelowani; Patricia Hixson; Audrey R Ester; Mahshid S Azamian; Lorraine Potocki; Gladys Zapata; Patricia P Hernandez; Melissa B Ramocki; Regie L P Santos-Cortez; Gao Wang; Michele K York; Monica J Justice; Zili D Chu; Patricia I Bader; Lisa Omo-Griffith; Nirupama S Madduri; Gunter Scharer; Heather P Crawford; Pattamawadee Yanatatsaneejit; Anna Eifert; Jeffery Kerr; Carlos A Bacino; Adiaha I A Franklin; Robin P Goin-Kochel; Gayle Simpson; Ladonna Immken; Muhammad E Haque; Marija Stosic; Misti D Williams; Thomas M Morgan; Sumit Pruthi; Reed Omary; Simeon A Boyadjiev; Kay K Win; Aye Thida; Matthew Hurles; Martin Lloyd Hibberd; Chiea Chuen Khor; Nguyen Van Vinh Chau; Thomas E Gallagher; Apiwat Mutirangura; Pawel Stankiewicz; Arthur L Beaudet; Mirjana Maletic-Savatic; Jill A Rosenfeld; Lisa G Shaffer; Erica E Davis; John W Belmont; Sarah Dunstan; Cameron P Simmons; Penelope E Bonnen; Suzanne M Leal; Nicholas Katsanis; James R Lupski; Seema R Lalani Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2013-06-27 Impact factor: 11.025