STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review. OBJECTIVES: To review and assess the psychometric properties of depression and anxiety instruments used with populations with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: Vancouver, Canada. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for papers reporting psychometric properties of depression and anxiety instruments. Pre-established criteria were used to assess the psychometric properties. RESULTS: Thirteen papers reporting on the psychometric properties of 13 depression and anxiety instruments are used in this review, and include BDI, BSI, CESD-20, CESD-10, DASS-21, GHQ-28, HADS, Ilfeld-PSI, MEDS, PHQ-9, PHQ-9-Short, SCL-90-R, and the Zung SRS. Reliability data are available for 10 instruments, and validity results are available for 12 instruments. Evidence spanned the spectrum of evaluation criteria varying from poor to excellent. Responsiveness data are generally lacking. CONCLUSION: Given that the reliability and validity findings range for the most part from adequate to excellent, and the large amount of work to develop cutoff scores specific for populations with SCI, at present there is no need to develop SCI-specific instruments. As psychometric properties of one measure do not clearly stand out, it is difficult to recommend the use of one over another. Overall, more psychometric data are needed, and if the instruments are to be used to evaluate treatment outcomes or change over time, responsiveness data are also required. Administering the instruments in tandem with each other and with clinical diagnostic interviews would provide valuable information, as would comparison of results to normative data specific to individuals with SCI.
STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review. OBJECTIVES: To review and assess the psychometric properties of depression and anxiety instruments used with populations with spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING: Vancouver, Canada. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for papers reporting psychometric properties of depression and anxiety instruments. Pre-established criteria were used to assess the psychometric properties. RESULTS: Thirteen papers reporting on the psychometric properties of 13 depression and anxiety instruments are used in this review, and include BDI, BSI, CESD-20, CESD-10, DASS-21, GHQ-28, HADS, Ilfeld-PSI, MEDS, PHQ-9, PHQ-9-Short, SCL-90-R, and the Zung SRS. Reliability data are available for 10 instruments, and validity results are available for 12 instruments. Evidence spanned the spectrum of evaluation criteria varying from poor to excellent. Responsiveness data are generally lacking. CONCLUSION: Given that the reliability and validity findings range for the most part from adequate to excellent, and the large amount of work to develop cutoff scores specific for populations with SCI, at present there is no need to develop SCI-specific instruments. As psychometric properties of one measure do not clearly stand out, it is difficult to recommend the use of one over another. Overall, more psychometric data are needed, and if the instruments are to be used to evaluate treatment outcomes or change over time, responsiveness data are also required. Administering the instruments in tandem with each other and with clinical diagnostic interviews would provide valuable information, as would comparison of results to normative data specific to individuals with SCI.
Authors: Claire Z Kalpakjian; Charles H Bombardier; Katherine Schomer; Pat A Brown; Kurt L Johnson Journal: J Spinal Cord Med Date: 2009 Impact factor: 1.985
Authors: Charles H Bombardier; Casey B Azuero; Jesse R Fann; Donald D Kautz; J Scott Richards; Sunil Sabharwal Journal: Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil Date: 2021
Authors: Heleen Kuiper; Christel C M van Leeuwen; Janneke M Stolwijk-Swüste; Marcel W M Post Journal: Spinal Cord Date: 2019-01-22 Impact factor: 2.772
Authors: Karon F Cook; Michael A Kallen; Charles Bombardier; Alyssa M Bamer; Seung W Choi; Jiseon Kim; Rana Salem; Dagmar Amtmann Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2016-07-14 Impact factor: 4.147
Authors: Alessio Conti; Marco Clari; Maeve Nolan; Eva Wallace; Marco Tommasini; Silvia Mozzone; Sara Campagna Journal: Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil Date: 2019