BACKGROUND: Transfusion has been demonstrated to be associated with pneumonia in injured patients, and blood of older storage age may potentiate this morbidity. It remains unclear, however, whether this association is causal, as prior studies have not accounted for prepneumonia versus postpneumonia transfusion. We sought to evaluate the temporal relationship between transfusion and pneumonia and the influence of blood age on this relationship. METHODS: Admissions to a Level I trauma center between July 2004 and October 2007 with the following characteristics were selected for inclusion: overall length of stay of > or = 4 days; intensive care unit length of stay of > or = 1 day; and > or = 1 ventilator days. Date(s) of transfusion and blood storage age defined as "old" > or = 14 days and "young" < 14 days were obtained. Pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage (> 10(5) colonies/mL). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the association between pneumonia and both date (in relation to pneumonia) and age of blood transfused, adjusted for age, gender, injury severity, mechanism of injury, ventilator days, and transfusion volume. RESULTS: A total of 1,615 patients met study criteria. Adjusted RR (CI) for the association between pneumonia and receipt of blood at any time was 1.99 (1.39-2.86). However, when postpneumonia transfusions were disregarded, no association was observed (RR 1.33; CI 0.98-1.80). Analysis by blood age, however, demonstrated that prepneumonia transfusion of exclusively older blood was significantly associated with an increased risk of pneumoinia (adjusted RR 1.42; CI 1.01-2.02), whereas transfusion of exclusively younger units (adjusted RR 1.02; CI 0.62-1.67) or mixed units (adjusted RR 1.35; CI 0.98-1.87) were not. CONCLUSIONS: Prior reports of an association between transfusion and pneumonia may reflect transfusions received after pneumonia rather than etiologically relevant transfusions received before the onset of pneumonia. Transfusion of exclusively older blood, however, increased the risk of pneumonia, further suggesting the importance of blood age with respect to outcomes in trauma patients.
BACKGROUND: Transfusion has been demonstrated to be associated with pneumonia in injured patients, and blood of older storage age may potentiate this morbidity. It remains unclear, however, whether this association is causal, as prior studies have not accounted for prepneumonia versus postpneumonia transfusion. We sought to evaluate the temporal relationship between transfusion and pneumonia and the influence of blood age on this relationship. METHODS: Admissions to a Level I trauma center between July 2004 and October 2007 with the following characteristics were selected for inclusion: overall length of stay of > or = 4 days; intensive care unit length of stay of > or = 1 day; and > or = 1 ventilator days. Date(s) of transfusion and blood storage age defined as "old" > or = 14 days and "young" < 14 days were obtained. Pneumonia was diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage (> 10(5) colonies/mL). Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the association between pneumonia and both date (in relation to pneumonia) and age of blood transfused, adjusted for age, gender, injury severity, mechanism of injury, ventilator days, and transfusion volume. RESULTS: A total of 1,615 patients met study criteria. Adjusted RR (CI) for the association between pneumonia and receipt of blood at any time was 1.99 (1.39-2.86). However, when postpneumonia transfusions were disregarded, no association was observed (RR 1.33; CI 0.98-1.80). Analysis by blood age, however, demonstrated that prepneumonia transfusion of exclusively older blood was significantly associated with an increased risk of pneumoinia (adjusted RR 1.42; CI 1.01-2.02), whereas transfusion of exclusively younger units (adjusted RR 1.02; CI 0.62-1.67) or mixed units (adjusted RR 1.35; CI 0.98-1.87) were not. CONCLUSIONS: Prior reports of an association between transfusion and pneumonia may reflect transfusions received after pneumonia rather than etiologically relevant transfusions received before the onset of pneumonia. Transfusion of exclusively older blood, however, increased the risk of pneumonia, further suggesting the importance of blood age with respect to outcomes in traumapatients.
Authors: Eldad A Hod; Ning Zhang; Set A Sokol; Boguslaw S Wojczyk; Richard O Francis; Daniel Ansaldi; Kevin P Francis; Phyllis Della-Latta; Susan Whittier; Sujit Sheth; Jeanne E Hendrickson; James C Zimring; Gary M Brittenham; Steven L Spitalnik Journal: Blood Date: 2010-03-18 Impact factor: 22.113
Authors: Chenell Donadee; Nicolaas J H Raat; Tamir Kanias; Jesús Tejero; Janet S Lee; Eric E Kelley; Xuejun Zhao; Chen Liu; Hannah Reynolds; Ivan Azarov; Sheila Frizzell; E Michael Meyer; Albert D Donnenberg; Lirong Qu; Darrel Triulzi; Daniel B Kim-Shapiro; Mark T Gladwin Journal: Circulation Date: 2011-07-11 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Kevin Prestia; Sheila Bandyopadhyay; Andrea Slate; Richard O Francis; Kevin P Francis; Steven L Spitalnik; David A Fidock; Gary M Brittenham; Eldad A Hod Journal: Transfusion Date: 2014-05-19 Impact factor: 3.157
Authors: Kent R Zettel; Mitchell Dyer; Jay S Raval; Xubo Wu; John R Klune; Andres Gutierrez; Darrell J Triulzi; Timothy R Billiar; Matthew D Neal Journal: Shock Date: 2017-02 Impact factor: 3.454
Authors: Nicole P Juffermans; Alexander P J Vlaar; David J Prins; J Carel Goslings; Jan M Binnekade Journal: Blood Transfus Date: 2012-02-22 Impact factor: 3.443
Authors: Lyla A Youssef; Abdelhadi Rebbaa; Sergey Pampou; Stuart P Weisberg; Brent R Stockwell; Eldad A Hod; Steven L Spitalnik Journal: Blood Date: 2018-04-17 Impact factor: 22.113