Surgical management of the thoracic outlet compression syndrome.

There is some disagreement about whether the first rib should be excised in the presence of a cervical rib for the relief of the thoracic outlet compression syndrome (TOCS). Over a 14-year period (1975-1988) 58 patients have undergone surgery for TOCS. Forty-four patients (76 per cent) had vascular symptoms, 28 (48 per cent) with a neurological component; 11 (19 per cent) had only neurological symptoms. Thirty-six patients (62 per cent) had the first rib excised; 19 (33 per cent) had a cervical rib excised; two (3 per cent) had a division of fibrous bands; and one patient had a large transverse process resected. Follow-up details were available on 53 patients (91 per cent). Overall 38 (72 per cent) were cured of their symptoms, 11 (21 per cent) had a significant improvement, and four (8 per cent) showed no improvement. There was no significant difference between the results following excision of a cervical rib or of a first rib in terms of relief of symptoms. In patients with TOCS who have a cervical rib, excision of the cervical rib alone without excision of the first rib would appear to be an appropriate treatment.