Origin of the 2009 Mexico influenza virus: a comparative phylogenetic analysis of the principal external antigens and matrix protein.

Triple-reassortant swine influenza A (H1) viruses, containing genes from avian, human, and swine influenza viruses, emerged and became an outbreak among humans worldwide. Over a 1,000 cases were identified within the first month, chiefly in Mexico and the United States. Here, the phylogenetic analysis of haemagglutin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix protein (MP) was carried out. The analysis showed that the H1 of this reassortant originated from American pigs, while NA and MP were more likely from European pigs. All of the 2009 isolates appear homogeneous and cluster together, although they are distinct from classical human A (H1N1) viruses.