Hee-Jung Jun1, Kyeongman Jeon, Sang-Won Um, O Jung Kwon, Nam Yong Lee, Won-Jung Koh. 1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from a patient during therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is uncertain. We investigated the frequency and clinical significance of NTM isolated from patients receiving anti-TB treatment. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB, and identified patients with respiratory cultures positive for NTM during therapy for pulmonary TB. RESULTS: From January 2003 to December 2005, 958 patients were diagnosed with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. NTM were isolated from 113 specimens in 68 (7.1%) patients during anti-TB treatment. The most frequently isolated NTM species were Mycobacterium abscessus (n=35, 31%), Mycobacterium fortuitum (n=17, 15%), Mycobacterium avium complex (n=9, 8%), and Mycobacterium gordonae (n=9, 8%). Forty-eight (71%) patients had only one positive culture, while 20 (29%) had two or more positive cultures for NTM. Only two (3%) patients who had two or more positive culture after anti-TB treatment showed the same NTM species, which were M. abscessus. CONCLUSION: The isolation of NTM in patients with pulmonary TB is not uncommon during anti-TB treatment. However, this is likely the result of colonization, a transient infection, or specimen contamination. The co-existence of pulmonary TB and NTM lung disease may be rare but should be considered in patients with relatively virulent NTM species such as M. abscessus.
BACKGROUND: The significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from a patient during therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is uncertain. We investigated the frequency and clinical significance of NTM isolated from patients receiving anti-TB treatment. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB, and identified patients with respiratory cultures positive for NTM during therapy for pulmonary TB. RESULTS: From January 2003 to December 2005, 958 patients were diagnosed with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB. NTM were isolated from 113 specimens in 68 (7.1%) patients during anti-TB treatment. The most frequently isolated NTM species were Mycobacterium abscessus (n=35, 31%), Mycobacterium fortuitum (n=17, 15%), Mycobacterium avium complex (n=9, 8%), and Mycobacterium gordonae (n=9, 8%). Forty-eight (71%) patients had only one positive culture, while 20 (29%) had two or more positive cultures for NTM. Only two (3%) patients who had two or more positive culture after anti-TB treatment showed the same NTM species, which were M. abscessus. CONCLUSION: The isolation of NTM in patients with pulmonary TB is not uncommon during anti-TB treatment. However, this is likely the result of colonization, a transient infection, or specimen contamination. The co-existence of pulmonary TB and NTM lung disease may be rare but should be considered in patients with relatively virulent NTM species such as M. abscessus.
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