OBJECTIVES: To provide epidemiologic data on Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) carriage in Nepal. METHODS: Prospective, population-based study among children in Sarlahi, Nepal to estimate carriage prevalence, identify risk factors, and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns and serotype distribution. Between December 2003 and July 2004, NP specimens were collected from 604 children aged 1-36 months with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) and 604 healthy, age- and season-matched controls. RESULTS: Of the 1100 specimens analysed, carriage prevalence was approximately 80% in both groups. In the multivariate analyses, significant risk factors for Spn carriage in controls were Muslim religion [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.93] and no latrine in the household (AOR: 2.41). Those treated for a recent illness had lower carriage rates (AOR: 0.37). Results were similar for ALRI cases with the addition of age >or=12 months (AOR: 1.68), and symptomatic infection (AOR: 3.78) as risk factors. The antibiotics and proportions of isolates resistant to them were as follows: penicillin 4.5%, cotrimoxazole 89.2%, chloramphenicol 1.4%, erythromycin 1.5% and tetracycline 22.7%. The most prevalent serogroups/types were 6, 19, 23, 15, 9 and 10. CONCLUSIONS:Young children in rural Nepal experience high rates of Spn carriage. Most isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole. Current conjugate Spn vaccines may substantially reduce the risk of a severe pneumonia and other Spn infections.
RCT Entities:
OBJECTIVES: To provide epidemiologic data on Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) carriage in Nepal. METHODS: Prospective, population-based study among children in Sarlahi, Nepal to estimate carriage prevalence, identify risk factors, and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns and serotype distribution. Between December 2003 and July 2004, NP specimens were collected from 604 children aged 1-36 months with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) and 604 healthy, age- and season-matched controls. RESULTS: Of the 1100 specimens analysed, carriage prevalence was approximately 80% in both groups. In the multivariate analyses, significant risk factors for Spn carriage in controls were Muslim religion [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.93] and no latrine in the household (AOR: 2.41). Those treated for a recent illness had lower carriage rates (AOR: 0.37). Results were similar for ALRI cases with the addition of age >or=12 months (AOR: 1.68), and symptomatic infection (AOR: 3.78) as risk factors. The antibiotics and proportions of isolates resistant to them were as follows: penicillin 4.5%, cotrimoxazole 89.2%, chloramphenicol 1.4%, erythromycin 1.5% and tetracycline 22.7%. The most prevalent serogroups/types were 6, 19, 23, 15, 9 and 10. CONCLUSIONS: Young children in rural Nepal experience high rates of Spn carriage. Most isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole. Current conjugate Spn vaccines may substantially reduce the risk of a severe pneumonia and other Spn infections.
Authors: N Y Lee; J H Song; S Kim; K R Peck; K M Ahn; S I Lee; Y Yang; J Li; A Chongthaleong; S Tiengrim; N Aswapokee; T Y Lin; J L Wu; C H Chiu; M K Lalitha; K Thomas; T Cherian; J Perera; T T Yee; F Jamal; U C Warsa; P H Van; C C Carlos; A M Shibl; M R Jacobs; P C Appelbaum Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2001-04-20 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: C L Coles; R Kanungo; L Rahmathullah; R D Thulasiraj; J Katz; M Santosham; J M Tielsch Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2001-03 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: E Varon; C Levy; F De La Rocque; M Boucherat; D Deforche; I Podglajen; M Navel; R Cohen Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2000-09-07 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: C L Coles; L Rahmathullah; R Kanungo; R D Thulasiraj; J Katz; M Santosham; J M Tielsch Journal: Epidemiol Infect Date: 2002-12 Impact factor: 2.451
Authors: Sarah Hanieh; Mainga Hamaluba; Dominic F Kelly; Jane A Metz; Kelly L Wyres; Roberta Fisher; Rahul Pradhan; Disuja Shakya; Lochan Shrestha; Amrita Shrestha; Anip Joshi; Jocelyn Habens; Bishnu D Maharjan; Stephen Thorson; Erik Bohler; Ly-Mee Yu; Sarah Kelly; Emma Plested; Tessa John; Anja M Werno; Neelam Adhikari; David R Murdoch; Angela B Brueggemann; Andrew J Pollard Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-06-06 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Felix S Dube; Suzan P van Mens; Lourens Robberts; Nicole Wolter; Paul Nicol; Joseph Mafofo; Samantha Africa; Heather J Zar; Mark P Nicol Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-09-03 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Sun Eun Lee; Keith P West; Robert N Cole; Kerry J Schulze; Parul Christian; Lee Shu-Fune Wu; James D Yager; John Groopman; Ingo Ruczinski Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-12-04 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Rama Kandasamy; Meeru Gurung; Anushil Thapa; Susan Ndimah; Neelam Adhikari; David R Murdoch; Dominic F Kelly; Denise E Waldron; Katherine A Gould; Stephen Thorson; Shrijana Shrestha; Jason Hinds; Andrew J Pollard Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-02-02 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Alastair F Murray; Janet A Englund; Jane Kuypers; James M Tielsch; Joanne Katz; Subarna K Khatry; Steven C Leclerq; Helen Y Chu Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2019-08-09 Impact factor: 5.226