Effects of pulse duration and post-exposure period on the nitrite toxicity to a freshwater amphipod.

This research assesses the effects of nitrite pulses and post-exposure periods after nitrite exposures on the survival of the freshwater amphipod Eulimnogammarus toletanus. A toxicity bioassay was performed using three different nitrite concentrations (0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L NO(2)-N), four pulse exposures (1, 8, 24 and 48 h) for each nitrite concentration, and four post-exposure times until to complete 96 h (i.e., 95, 88, 72 and 48 h, respectively). Our results showed a significant effect of nitrite concentrations, pulses and post-exposure times on the mortality of E. toletanus. The cumulative mortality at the end of pulse and that at the end of post-exposure time (delayed mortality) were different. We conclude that due to the high frequency of intermittent pollution in aquatic ecosystems it is necessary to incorporate the post-exposure effects into the traditional toxicological parameters to achieve a more realistic assessment of toxicants, especially at very short-term exposures.