Adjuvant or induction cisplatin-based chemotherapy for operable lung cancer.

Despite aggressive surgical management, 5-year survival rates of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) range from 73% for those with pathologic stage IA to 25% for stage IIIA. Given the low survival rate associated with treatment by surgery alone, numerous trials have investigated the use of induction or adjuvant strategies with chemotherapy or thoracic irradiation, either alone or in combination. A meta-analysis published in 1995 showed that cisplatin-based regimens produce the best adjuvant chemotherapy results in NSCLC patients, and this finding has been validated by three large randomized trials. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy offers theoretical advantages over adjuvant chemotherapy, including improved patient compliance, a smaller primary tumor, and pathologic evaluation of treatment efficacy. However, most large randomized trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy have failed to show statistically significant results. This article reviews the pros and cons of each strategy, current guidelines, and treatment methods that are being explored.