Characterization of multiple CYP9A genes in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Based on the advances in the silkworm genome project, a new genome-wide analysis of cytochrome P450 genes was performed, focusing mainly on gene duplication. All four CYP9A subfamily members from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were cloned by RT-PCR and designated CYP9A19-CYP9A22 by the P450 Nomenclature Committee. They each contain an open reading frame of 1,593 bp in length and encode a putative polypeptide of 531 amino acids. Both nucleic acid and amino acid sequences share very high identities with one another. The typical motifs of insect cytochrome P450, including the heme-binding region, helix-C, helix-I, helix-K, and PERF, show high sequence conservation among the multiple proteins. Alignment with their cDNA sequences revealed that these paralogues share identical gene structures, each comprising ten exons and nine introns of variable sizes. The locations of their introns (all nine introns follow the GT-AG rule) are absolutely conserved. CYP9A19, CYP9A20, and CYP9A21 form a tandem cluster on chromosome 17, whereas CYP9A22 is separated from the cluster by four tandem alcohol-dehydrogenase-like genes. Their phylogenetic relationships and structural comparisons indicated that these paralogues arose as the results of gene duplication events. RT-PCR detected their mRNAs in different "first line of defense" tissues, as well as in several other organs, suggesting diverse functions. Tissue-selective expression also indicates their functional divergence. The identified CYP9A genes have not yet been found outside the Lepidoptera, and are probably unique to the Lepidoptera. They show high sequence and structural similarities to each other, indicating that the Lepidoptera-specific P450s may be of functional importance. This analysis constitutes the first report of the clustering, spatial organization, and functional divergence of P450 in the silkworm.