Portosystemic vascular anomalies.

Portovascular anomalies are most commonly seen as congenital communications in dogs and cats. Fixation, whether surgical or interventional, should be considered in all cases for which it is possible to improve perfusion to the liver, and ultimately liver function. Medical management before fixation is always recommended. If surgery is not recommended or not possible, long-term medical management can be successful in approximately 30% of cases. New modalities, such as percutaneous transjugular coil embolization or glue embolization, facilitate treatment of more complicated conditions, such as intrahepatic portosystemic shunts and hepatic arteriovenous malformations.