Impact of temporal changes and host factors on the genetic structure of a population of Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato in Khon Kaen Province (Thailand).

The population genetics of 317 individual Opisthorchis viverrini from Khon Kaen Province Thailand, from 4 different years and 4 cyprinid fish species was examined using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis of enolase (Enol), phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) and triose phosphate isomerase (Tpi). Allele and genotype frequencies for Enol and Pgm were consistent irrespective of year or host species. No heterozygote deficiency was detected for Enol. Significant heterozygote deficiencies were detected in 3 of 4 years for Pgm. For Tpi, allele frequencies of the most common allele and genotype frequency varied between years and among individuals from different host species. Heterozygote deficiencies for Tpi were detected in 2 years. No significant heterozygous deficiencies were detected among O. virerrini from different fish species in 2005, except at Pgm and Tpi from Puntioplites protozsron. There was no statistical significance in pairwise FST values between O. viverrini from Cyclocheilichthys armatus in different years or different host species in 2005. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations and a high rate of gene flow in a population of O. viverrini are discussed in terms of self- and cross-fertilisation, natural selection, non-random mating, the Wahlund effect, presence of null alleles, intensity of infection, biology and ecology of their intermediate cyprinid hosts.