Special schooling in children with congenital heart disease: a risk factor for being disadvantaged in the world of employment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate type of schooling in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who were inpatients at a tertiary pediatric cardiology center. This retrospective cohort study included 227 consecutive children with CHD (male, 125; female, 102) who had been inpatients from 1996 to 2005. Data on type of schooling had been documented by the in-hospital teacher at the time of admission. Medical data were obtained by reviewing medical charts. The primary endpoint was the percentage of children requiring special schooling, which was related to the respective percentage in the Austrian pediatric background population. Furthermore, the influence of clinical and demographic covariables was assessed. Fifteen percent (vs. 3.6% in the background population) of the study cohort required special schooling; 86% of them had a history of cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in the first year of life showed a trend for an association with an increased frequency of special schooling. There were no significant associations with the Aristotle Basic Score (a measure for procedure complexity in CHD), gender, or first language. In conclusion, the need for special schooling is increased in children with CHD.