Identification of genes differentially expressed in vivo by Metarhizium anisopliae in the hemolymph of Locusta migratoria using suppression-subtractive hybridization.

Metarhizium anisopliae is an important insect pathogenic fungus widely used in biological pest control. The aim of this study was to identify genes differentially expressed in vivo by M. anisopliae CQMa102 in the hemolymph of infected Locusta migratoria. Suppression-subtractive hybridization was performed using cDNA generated from hyphal bodies purified from hemolymph and the fungus germinating and differentiating on locust wings. A total of 350/1,600 random clones screened by cDNA array dot blotting were sequenced, resulting in 120 uniquely expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that were up-regulated during colonization of hemolymph. Among these 120 ESTs, 42 (35.0%) had matches in the NR protein database, and 29 (24.2%) were significantly similar to known proteins involved in various cellular processes, including general metabolism, cell wall remodeling, protein synthesis, signal transduction and stress responses. In contrast, the remaining 78 ESTs (65.0%) either had low similarity in the NR database or represented novel genes. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of five randomly selected genes revealed that all were highly expressed in the host hemolymph. These results provide new insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of adaptation to host hemolymph and may increase understanding of host-pathogen interactions.