M Ridinger1, S König, K Lange, N Wodarz. 1. Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Universität Regensburg im Bezirksklinikum, Universitätsstrasse 84, 93053, Regensburg. dr.ridinger@web.de
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insecure attachment (IA) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are discussed as risk factors for increased alcohol intake and the development of alcoholism. METHODS: Among a sample of 517 consecutively admitted German inpatients with alcohol dependence we investigated the contribution of IA to alcoholism phenotypes, taking into consideration comorbid ADHD. RESULTS: IA was significantly associated with increased alcohol consumption, increased frequency of withdrawal symptoms, increased frequency of physical or psychological problems that are likely to have been worsened by alcohol, and reduced social activities because of alcohol use. ADHD has no significant effect on these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: IA developed as a result of social interactions during childhood long before alcohol dependence. The results point to an important effect of IA on the severity and acceleration of alcohol dependence. Therefore, it might be helpful to improve efforts in primary prevention and psychotherapy of alcohol dependence by considering the specific needs of subjects with an IA.
BACKGROUND: Insecure attachment (IA) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are discussed as risk factors for increased alcohol intake and the development of alcoholism. METHODS: Among a sample of 517 consecutively admitted German inpatients with alcohol dependence we investigated the contribution of IA to alcoholism phenotypes, taking into consideration comorbid ADHD. RESULTS: IA was significantly associated with increased alcohol consumption, increased frequency of withdrawal symptoms, increased frequency of physical or psychological problems that are likely to have been worsened by alcohol, and reduced social activities because of alcohol use. ADHD has no significant effect on these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: IA developed as a result of social interactions during childhood long before alcohol dependence. The results point to an important effect of IA on the severity and acceleration of alcohol dependence. Therefore, it might be helpful to improve efforts in primary prevention and psychotherapy of alcohol dependence by considering the specific needs of subjects with an IA.
Authors: Jorge Moll; Frank Krueger; Roland Zahn; Matteo Pardini; Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza; Jordan Grafman Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2006-10-09 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Nora D Volkow; Gene-Jack Wang; Jeffrey Newcorn; Joanna S Fowler; Frank Telang; Mary V Solanto; Jean Logan; Christopher Wong; Yeming Ma; James M Swanson; Kurt Schulz; Kith Pradhan Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2006-11-27 Impact factor: 6.556