Kinetics of nitrogen removal in high rate anammox upflow filter.

The process kinetics for laboratory-scale anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) upflow filter using synthetic wastewater as feed were investigated. The experimental unit consisted of a 2.0 L reactor filled with three-dimensional plastic media. The filter was tested for different influent substrate concentrations and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The substrate loading removal rate was compared with prediction of Stover-Kincannon, second-order and the first-order substrate removal models. Upon approaching pseudo-steady-state condition, substrate ammonium or nitrite concentrations were increased from 280 to 462 mg N/L, while HRT was stepwise decreased from 14.4 to 2h, with a concomitant increase in nitrogen loading rate (NLR) from 0.93 to 7.34 g/L day. Based on calculations, Stover-Kincannon model and second-order "Grau" model were found to be the appropriate models to describe the upflow filter. According to Stover-Kincannon model, the maximum total substrate removal rate constant (U(max)) and saturation value constant (K(B)) were suggested as 12.4 and 12.0 g N/L day, respectively. As Stover-Kincannon model and second-order model gave high correlation coefficients (97.9% and 98.6%, respectively), these models may be used in predicting the behavior or design of the anammox filter.