Reconstructing the species phylogeny of Pseudopanax (Araliaceae), a genus of hybridising trees.

Pseudopanax (Araliaceae) comprises 12 tree species of diverse morphology and ecology, and is endemic to New Zealand. It is notable for the hybridisation that occurs between P. crassifolius and P. lessonii, which have very different leaves and habits. To provide context for the study of this hybridisation and other investigations, we examined the phylogeny of Pseudopanax using chloroplast DNA sequences (c.5900 base-pairs) and AFLP DNA-fingerprinting. Both approaches resolve two principal groups within Pseudopanax--the Arboreus group and the Crassifolius+Lessonii union--but how they are related to other genera remains unclear. There is, nevertheless, little compelling evidence against the monophyly of Pseudopanax, making unnecessary the recent re-segregation of the Arboreus group as Neopanax. The chloroplast data provided minimal additional resolution, although the position of P. linearis was discordant compared to other data. Analyses of the AFLP data strongly recovered each species, aside from the morphologically heterogeneous P. colensoi, and the two mainland species (P. arboreus and P. crassifolius) that each contained a nested island-endemic (P. kermadecensis and P. chathamicus, respectively). However, relationships amongst species within the two principal groups were poorly resolved. An example was the uncertainty of whether P. crassifolius grouped with P. lessonii and its allies, or the morphologically similar species it had been previously placed with. This in turn raises the issue of how hybridisation might affect phylogenies and the ability to reconstruct them, even when using multiple, independent markers.