Nonlinear mode-coupling for passive mode-locking: application of waveguide arrays, dual-core fibers, and/or fiber arrays.

A detailed analysis of mode-locking is presented in which the nonlinear mode-coupling behavior in a waveguide array, dual-core fiber, and/or fiber array is used to achieve stable and robust passive modelocking. By using the discrete, nearest-neighbor spatial coupling of these nonlinear mode-coupling devices, low-intensity light can be transferred to the neighboring waveguides and ejected (attenuated) from the laser cavity. In contrast, higher intensity light is self-focused in the launch waveguide and remains largely unaffected. This nonlinear effect, which is a discrete Kerr lens effect, leads to the temporal intensity discrimination required in the laser cavity for mode-locking. Numerical studies of this pulse shaping mechanism show that using current waveguide arrays, fiber-arrays, or dual-core fibers in conjunction with standard optical fiber technology, stable and robustmode-locked soliton-like pulses are produced.