Change in plasma S100B level after acute spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage.

S100B has been described as a marker of brain injury. However, not much is known regarding change in plasma S100B and its relation with mortality after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).Thus, we sought to investigate change in plasma S100B level after ICH and to evaluate its relation with disease outcome. Thirty healthy controls and 86 patients with acute ICH were included. Plasma samples were obtained on admission and at days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 after ICH. Its concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After ICH, plasma S100B level in patients increased during the 6-h period immediately, peaked in 24 h, plateaued at day 2, decreased gradually thereafter, and was substantially higher than that in healthy controls during the 7-day period. Plasma S100B levels were highly associated with Glasgow Coma Scale scores, ICH volumes, presences of intraventricular hemorrhage, and survival rates (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed baseline plasma S100B level as a good predictor for 1-week mortality (odds ratio, 1.046; 95%confidence interval, 1.014 - 1.078; P = 0.004). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified plasma S100B cutoff level (192.5 pg/mL) that predicted 1-week mortality with the high sensitivity (93.8%) and specificity (70.4%) values (P < 0.001). The differences between areas under curves of plasma S100B levels and those of Glasgow Coma Scale scores and ICH volumes were not statistically significant (both P > 0.05). Increased S100B level is found after ICH and may contribute to the inflammatory process of ICH, in association with a poor clinical outcome.