Further biological properties of the human syncytial virus.

Some biological properties of the human syncytial virus have been examined. A 13-day plaque assay in whole human embryo fibroblasts (HEF) has been developed using a liquid (growth medium) overlay. The plaques were 0.7-2 mm in diameter and often showed a clear central zone with irregular edges. Pretreatment of HEF monolayers with the polycation DEAE-dextran for either 30 min or 1 h was found to enhance plaque formation by a factor of from 2- to 7-fold. The plaque assay procedure required cell cultures undergoing active cell division. Adsorption kinetics and growth cycle studies in HEF indicated a relatively long adsorption period (3 h) and a relatively prolonged latent period of 24 h. Even under optimal conditions, virus yields were low and did not exceed 1 PFU per infected cell. Like other animal syncytium-forming 'foamy' viruses, the human virus induced both intranuclear and cytoplasmic antigens detectable by immmunofluorescence and was also markedly labile to freezing and thawing.