Avicenna: messages from a great pioneer of ancient medicine for modern cardiology.

Avicenna deserves to be remembered for his contributions to the field of cardiovascular medicine. His masterpiece, the Canon of Medicine, has served as an essential medical encyclopedia for scholars in the Islamic territories and Europe for almost a millennium. The Canon, which is a general treatise on medicine, consists of five books. The eleventh section of the third book principally deals with various kinds of heart diseases, their causes, effects, and treatment. He has expressed that the heart is the noblest and the best of all the chief organs of the human body. Avicenna has tried to find out the causes of heart diseases and classify them in accordance with the different signs and symptoms. His legacy will continue to inspire his modern colleagues in investigating heart diseases.