Time to fatigue is increased in mouse muscle at 37 degrees C; the role of iron and reactive oxygen species.

Studies exploring the rate of fatigue in isolated muscle at 37 degrees C have produced mixed results. In the present study, muscle fibre bundles from the mouse foot were used to study the effect of temperature on the rate of muscle fatigue. Provided iron was excluded from the solutions, time to fatigue at 37 degrees C was increased compared to 22 degrees C (125 +/- 8% of 22 degrees C fatigue time). In contrast, when iron was present (approximately 1 microM), fatigue was accelerated (68 +/- 10%). Iron can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are believed to accelerate fatigue. The addition of 25-100 microM H(2)O(2) at 22 degrees C reduced time to fatigue to 80-20% of the control, respectively. Iron was added to cultured primary skeletal muscle cells to determine if iron could increase ROS production. Neither iron entry nor ROS production were detected in non-contracting muscle cells. The addition of 8-hydroxyquinoline, which facilitates iron entry, to iron-ascorbic acid solutions caused a rapid rise in intracellular iron and ROS. Our results indicate that time to fatigue in vitro is increased at 37 degrees C relative to 22 degrees C, but the addition of ROS can accelerate fatigue. An increase in muscle iron can accelerate ROS production, which may be important during or following exercise and in haemochromatosis, disuse atrophy and sarcopenia.