Transplantation of premolars as an approach for replacing avulsed teeth.

Autotransplantation of premolars to the anterior region subsequent to tooth loss represent a unique treatment method that has a number of advantages in comparison with other tooth substitution methods. A tooth transplant has a bone inducing capacity implying that lost labial bone is regenerated. Secondly the tooth precipitates growth of the alveolar procces and allows treatment to be performed at an early age (10-12 years) where the trauma incidence is at its maximum. Finally transplanted teeth can be moved orthodontically. These characteristics make implant solutions appealing in a number of situations. The procedure consist in selecting a premolar in a optimal root development stage which is approximately three fourths root formation where optimal pulp and periodontal ligament healing can be achieved in more than 90 percent of the cases. The tooth is later after slight crown remodeling restored with composite or a porcelain laminate. Four recent long-term studies have shown survival rates between 90-98 percent and a single long term study (33 years) showed a survival rate of 90 percent, a survival rate not surpassed by any other type of tooth replacement (fixed or removable prostetics, implants). In conclusion premolar transplantation should be considered in cases of early loss of a permanent tooth.