OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of HIV during pregnancy as defined by seroconversion using a repeat HIV rapid testing strategy during late pregnancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission program METHODS: Pregnant women were retested between 36 and 40 weeks of gestation, provided that they had been tested HIV negative at least 3 months prior. RESULTS: Among the 2377 HIV-negative women retested, 1099 (46.2%) and 1278 (53.4%) were tested at urban and rural health facilities, respectively. Seventy-two women (3%) were HIV-positive (679 woman years of exposure) yielding a HIV incidence rate of 10.7/100 woman years [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2-13.1]. HIV incidence in pregnancy was higher but not statistically significant at the urban facilities (12.4/100 woman years versus 9.1/100 woman years) and at least two-fold higher among the 25-29 and 30-34-year age groups (3.8 and 4.5%, respectively) as compared with the less than 20-year age group (1.9%). Single women were at 2.5 times higher risk of seroconverting during pregnancy (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: HIV incidence during pregnancy is four times higher than in the nonpregnant population reported in a recent survey. Public health programs need to continue to reinforce prevention strategies and HIV retesting during pregnancy. The latter also offers an additional opportunity to prevent mother-to-child transmission and further horizontal transmission. Further research is required to understand the cause of primary HIV infection in pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of HIV during pregnancy as defined by seroconversion using a repeat HIV rapid testing strategy during late pregnancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study nested in a prevention of mother-to-child transmission program METHODS: Pregnant women were retested between 36 and 40 weeks of gestation, provided that they had been tested HIV negative at least 3 months prior. RESULTS: Among the 2377 HIV-negative women retested, 1099 (46.2%) and 1278 (53.4%) were tested at urban and rural health facilities, respectively. Seventy-two women (3%) were HIV-positive (679 woman years of exposure) yielding a HIV incidence rate of 10.7/100 woman years [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.2-13.1]. HIV incidence in pregnancy was higher but not statistically significant at the urban facilities (12.4/100 woman years versus 9.1/100 woman years) and at least two-fold higher among the 25-29 and 30-34-year age groups (3.8 and 4.5%, respectively) as compared with the less than 20-year age group (1.9%). Single women were at 2.5 times higher risk of seroconverting during pregnancy (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: HIV incidence during pregnancy is four times higher than in the nonpregnant population reported in a recent survey. Public health programs need to continue to reinforce prevention strategies and HIV retesting during pregnancy. The latter also offers an additional opportunity to prevent mother-to-child transmission and further horizontal transmission. Further research is required to understand the cause of primary HIV infection in pregnancy.
Authors: Brenna L Hughes; Riana Dutt; Christina Raker; Melody Barthelemy; Richard M Rossoll; Bharat Ramratnam; Charles R Wira; Susan Cu-Uvin Journal: Am J Obstet Gynecol Date: 2016-07-05 Impact factor: 8.661
Authors: Nivashnee Naicker; Ayesha B M Kharsany; Lise Werner; Francois van Loggerenberg; Koleka Mlisana; Nigel Garrett; Salim S Abdool Karim Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2015-07
Authors: Hazar Khidir; Nzwakie Mosery; Ross Greener; Cecilia Milford; Kara Bennett; Angela Kaida; Christina Psaros; Steve A Safren; David R Bangsberg; Jennifer A Smit; Lynn T Matthews Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2020-03
Authors: Richard M Novak; Barbara Metch; Susan Buchbinder; Robinson Cabello; Yeycy Donastorg; John-Peter Figoroa; Hend Abdul-Jauwad; Hend Adbul-Jauwad; Patrice Joseph; Ellen Koenig; David Metzger; Magda Sobieszycz; Mark Tyndall; Carmen Zorilla Journal: AIDS Date: 2013-07-17 Impact factor: 4.177