Annamaria Veronelli1, Chiara Mauri2, Barbara Zecchini3, Maria Grazia Peca3, Olivia Turri3, Maria Teresa Valitutti1, Chiara Dall'Asta1, Antonio E Pontiroli4. 1. Università degli Studi di Milano-Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Milano, Italy;; Ospedale San Paolo-Medicina 2a, Milano, Italy. 2. Università degli Studi di Milano-Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Milano, Italy. 3. Ospedale San Paolo-Medicina 2a, Milano, Italy. 4. Università degli Studi di Milano-Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Milano, Italy;; Ospedale San Paolo-Medicina 2a, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: antonio.pontiroli@unimi.it.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is characterized by reduced sexual appetite and altered psychologic and physiologic response to sexual intercourse; it is reported to be frequent in diabetes mellitus, but no data have been reported in thyroid disorders. AIMS: To compare the prevalence of FSD in diabetic, in obese, and in hypothyroid women vs. healthy women, and to correlate FSD with endocrine and metabolic profiles. METHODS: We evaluated, through a questionnaire (Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI]), the prevalence of FSD in 91 women affected by diabetes mellitus, obesity, or hypothyroidism, and in 36 healthy women, all aged 22-51 years and in premenopausal state. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FSFI score, endocrine and metabolic parameters (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, free-triiodothyronine (FT3), free-thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone, glycated hemoglobin 1c (HbA1c), thyroid autoantibodies, E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]), and anthropometric parameters (body mass index, waist, blood pressure [BP]). RESULTS: A reduced FSFI score was more frequent in diabetic, obese, and hypothyroid women vs. healthy women (P < 0.01). In the different groups of women, FSFI score was inversely correlated (pairwise correlation) with at least one of the following: HbA1c, TSH, LDL-cholesterol, PAI-1, diastolic BP, presence of thyroid Ab, and directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol (always P < 0.05 or less). At stepwise regression analysis, HDL-cholesterol (protective) and HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol, PAI-1, and diastolic BP (negatively) predicted reduced FSFI score. CONCLUSION: These data indicate an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction in diabetic, in obese, and in hypothyroid women, associated with markers of cardiovascular risk.
INTRODUCTION: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is characterized by reduced sexual appetite and altered psychologic and physiologic response to sexual intercourse; it is reported to be frequent in diabetes mellitus, but no data have been reported in thyroid disorders. AIMS: To compare the prevalence of FSD in diabetic, in obese, and in hypothyroidwomen vs. healthy women, and to correlate FSD with endocrine and metabolic profiles. METHODS: We evaluated, through a questionnaire (Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI]), the prevalence of FSD in 91 women affected by diabetes mellitus, obesity, or hypothyroidism, and in 36 healthy women, all aged 22-51 years and in premenopausal state. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: FSFI score, endocrine and metabolic parameters (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, free-triiodothyronine (FT3), free-thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], 17-beta-estradiol, testosterone, glycated hemoglobin 1c (HbA1c), thyroid autoantibodies, E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1], plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1]), and anthropometric parameters (body mass index, waist, blood pressure [BP]). RESULTS: A reduced FSFI score was more frequent in diabetic, obese, and hypothyroidwomen vs. healthy women (P < 0.01). In the different groups of women, FSFI score was inversely correlated (pairwise correlation) with at least one of the following: HbA1c, TSH, LDL-cholesterol, PAI-1, diastolic BP, presence of thyroid Ab, and directly correlated with HDL-cholesterol (always P < 0.05 or less). At stepwise regression analysis, HDL-cholesterol (protective) and HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol, PAI-1, and diastolic BP (negatively) predicted reduced FSFI score. CONCLUSION: These data indicate an increased prevalence of sexual dysfunction in diabetic, in obese, and in hypothyroidwomen, associated with markers of cardiovascular risk.
Authors: Dale S Bond; Rena R Wing; Sivamainthan Vithiananthan; Harry C Sax; G Dean Roye; Beth A Ryder; Dieter Pohl; Jeannine Giovanni Journal: Surg Obes Relat Dis Date: 2010-06-04 Impact factor: 4.734
Authors: Kelli L Copeland; Jeanette S Brown; Jennifer M Creasman; Stephen K Van Den Eeden; Leslee L Subak; David H Thom; Assiamira Ferrara; Alison J Huang Journal: Obstet Gynecol Date: 2012-08 Impact factor: 7.661
Authors: Johanna L Hannan; Geoffrey L Cheung; Mark C Blaser; Judith J Pang; Stephen C Pang; R Clinton Webb; Michael A Adams Journal: J Sex Med Date: 2011-10-24 Impact factor: 3.802
Authors: D Pasquali; M I Maiorino; A Renzullo; G Bellastella; G Accardo; D Esposito; F Barbato; K Esposito Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2013-04-12 Impact factor: 4.256