Influence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on deposition kinetics of bacteria.

The significance of extracellular polymer substances (EPS) on cell deposition on silica surfaces was examined by direct comparison of the deposition kinetics of untreated "intact" bacteria versus those from the same strain but with EPS removal via cation exchange resin (CER) treatment using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Four bacterial strains, mutant Escherichia coli BL21 (gram-negative, nonmotile), Pseudomonas sp QG6 (gram-negative, motile), Rhodococcus sp QL2 (gram-positive, nonmotile), and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive, motile), were employed to determine the influence of EPS on cell deposition. Experiments were conducted in both monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) solutions under a variety of environmentally relevant ionic strength ranging from 1 to 100 mM at pH 6.0. The effectiveness of EPS removal via CER method was ensured by biochemical composition analysis of EPS solutions and further confirmed by FTIR analysis. Comparable zeta potentials were observed for untreated and CER treated bacterial cells in both NaCl and CaCl2 solutions, indicating that removal of EPS from cell surfaces via CER treatment did not affect the electrokinetic properties of the cell surfaces for all four strains. However, observed deposition efficiencies (alpha) were greater for untreated cells relative to those with CER treated cells across the entire ionic strength range examined in both NaCI and CaCl2 solutions for all four bacterial strains. These results strongly demonstrated that the removal of EPS from cell surfaces for all four strains decreased the deposition of bacteria on silica surfaces. This study clearly showed that the enhancement of cell deposition on silica surfaces due to the presence of EPS on cell surfaces was relevant to all bacterial strains examined regardless of cell types and motility.