R Nuruddin1, W C Hadden, M R Petersen, M K Lim. 1. Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. rozina.nuruddin@aku.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: In South Asia, gender disparity in child mortality is highest in Pakistan. We examined the influence of child gender on household decision regarding health care. METHODS: Prevalence ratios were calculated for 3740 children aged 1-59 months from 92 randomly selected villages of rural Pakistan using a cluster-adjusted log-binomial model. Level 1 variables included child and household characteristics and level 2 included village characteristics. RESULTS: There were 25 more girl deaths than boys per 1000 live births (95% CI: 13.9, 48.6) among post-neonates and 38 more among children aged 12-59 months (95% CI: 10.5, 65.5). However, in adjusted analysis, gender was not a significant predictor of illness reporting, visit to health facilities, choice of provider, hospitalization and health expenditure. Significant predictors of health care were child's age, illness characteristics, number of children in the family, household socio-economic status and absence of girls' school in the village. CONCLUSIONS: Differential care seeking for boys and girls is not seen in Thatta despite clear differences in mortality ratios. This calls for more creative research to identify pathways for gender differential in child mortality. Factors identified as influencing child health care and amenable to modification include poverty alleviation and girls' education.
BACKGROUND: In South Asia, gender disparity in child mortality is highest in Pakistan. We examined the influence of child gender on household decision regarding health care. METHODS: Prevalence ratios were calculated for 3740 children aged 1-59 months from 92 randomly selected villages of rural Pakistan using a cluster-adjusted log-binomial model. Level 1 variables included child and household characteristics and level 2 included village characteristics. RESULTS: There were 25 more girl deaths than boys per 1000 live births (95% CI: 13.9, 48.6) among post-neonates and 38 more among children aged 12-59 months (95% CI: 10.5, 65.5). However, in adjusted analysis, gender was not a significant predictor of illness reporting, visit to health facilities, choice of provider, hospitalization and health expenditure. Significant predictors of health care were child's age, illness characteristics, number of children in the family, household socio-economic status and absence of girls' school in the village. CONCLUSIONS: Differential care seeking for boys and girls is not seen in Thatta despite clear differences in mortality ratios. This calls for more creative research to identify pathways for gender differential in child mortality. Factors identified as influencing child health care and amenable to modification include poverty alleviation and girls' education.
Authors: Richard Rheingans; Matt Kukla; Abu Syed Golam Faruque; Dipika Sur; Anita K M Zaidi; Dilruba Nasrin; Tamer H Farag; Myron M Levine; Karen L Kotloff Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2012-12 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Richard Rheingans; Matt Kukla; Richard A Adegbola; Debasish Saha; Richard Omore; Robert F Breiman; Samba O Sow; Uma Onwuchekwa; Dilruba Nasrin; Tamer H Farag; Karen L Kotloff; Myron M Levine Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2012-12 Impact factor: 9.079