OBJECTIVES: (1) To describe the anticholinergic burden experienced by nursing home residents with dementia using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) Scale; and (2) to determine the association of anticholinergic burden and engagement in activity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, using baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial. SETTING: Nine nursing homes in Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-seven nursing home residents with dementia MEASUREMENTS: The ACB Scale was used to classify the severity of each resident's prescribed drugs' anticholinergic activity on cognition. Engagement in activity was measured by direct observation using a standard instrument. RESULTS: Across 775 observations, subjects were active approximately 54% of the time, doing nothing 24% of the time, and asleep over 21% of the time. Seventy-one (81.6%) subjects were prescribed at least one drug with anticholinergic properties and 32 (36.7%) were prescribed at least one drug with severe anticholinergic properties. On average, subjects had a total ACB score of 2.55 (+/- 1.9). Mental status (MMSE) and dependency (PGDRS) were associated with engagement, but use of anticholinergic drugs was not. CONCLUSION: Nursing home residents are prescribed many drugs with anticholinergic properties. The ACB Scale has utility as a tool to alert practitioners to high anticholinergic burden, who can then use this information when choosing between equally efficacious medications. Further study using larger samples of persons with dementia in earlier stages of the disease, and use of intense measurement designs are needed to more clearly determine the association of ACB with quality of life indicators.
OBJECTIVES: (1) To describe the anticholinergic burden experienced by nursing home residents with dementia using the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) Scale; and (2) to determine the association of anticholinergic burden and engagement in activity. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, using baseline data from an ongoing clinical trial. SETTING: Nine nursing homes in Pennsylvania. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-seven nursing home residents with dementia MEASUREMENTS: The ACB Scale was used to classify the severity of each resident's prescribed drugs' anticholinergic activity on cognition. Engagement in activity was measured by direct observation using a standard instrument. RESULTS: Across 775 observations, subjects were active approximately 54% of the time, doing nothing 24% of the time, and asleep over 21% of the time. Seventy-one (81.6%) subjects were prescribed at least one drug with anticholinergic properties and 32 (36.7%) were prescribed at least one drug with severe anticholinergic properties. On average, subjects had a total ACB score of 2.55 (+/- 1.9). Mental status (MMSE) and dependency (PGDRS) were associated with engagement, but use of anticholinergic drugs was not. CONCLUSION: Nursing home residents are prescribed many drugs with anticholinergic properties. The ACB Scale has utility as a tool to alert practitioners to high anticholinergic burden, who can then use this information when choosing between equally efficacious medications. Further study using larger samples of persons with dementia in earlier stages of the disease, and use of intense measurement designs are needed to more clearly determine the association of ACB with quality of life indicators.
Authors: C Ballard; J O'Brien; I James; P Mynt; M Lana; D Potkins; K Reichelt; L Lee; A Swann; J Fossey Journal: Int Psychogeriatr Date: 2001-03 Impact factor: 3.878
Authors: John F Schnelle; Cathy A Alessi; Sandra F Simmons; Nahla R Al-Samarrai; John C Beck; Joseph G Ouslander Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Kaycee M Sink; Joseph Thomas; Huiping Xu; Bruce Craig; Steven Kritchevsky; Laura P Sands Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2008-04-01 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Linda Teri; Laura E Gibbons; Susan M McCurry; Rebecca G Logsdon; David M Buchner; William E Barlow; Walter A Kukull; Andrea Z LaCroix; Wayne McCormick; Eric B Larson Journal: JAMA Date: 2003-10-15 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Jacqueline B Palmer; Jennifer S Albrecht; Yujin Park; Sarah Dutcher; Gail B Rattinger; Linda Simoni-Wastila; Loreen D Walker; Ilene H Zuckerman Journal: Drugs Aging Date: 2015-01 Impact factor: 3.923