Diet and lifestyle measures to protect the ageing heart.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the UK and risk increases substantially with age. It is estimated that more than 1 in 3 men and around 1 in 4 women aged 75 and over is currently living with the condition. Evidence from epidemiologic studies indicates that the same factors that are associated with increased risk of CHD in middle-aged people are relevant in older adults. Clinical trials have shown that changing these risk factors in older adults can reduce CHD risk as effectively as it does in middle-aged adults. A diet that is low in fat (particularly saturates), rich in carbohydrate (particularly whole-grains), contains plenty of fruits and vegetables, and a portion of oily fish each week and is not too high in salt can offer significant protection against heart disease. Such diets, together with regular physical activity, avoidance of smoking, sensible drinking habits and maintenance of a healthy body weight, may prevent the majority of cardiovascular disease in Western populations. The greatest benefit will be achieved by adopting these habits throughout the life-course.